The crucial role of laws of evidence in South African litigation: Deciding the fate of a case

11 Jan 2024

Introduction  

In the realm of South African law, the pursuit of justice is intricately woven into the fabric of the legal system. Litigation serves as a fundamental mechanism for resolving disputes, and the outcome of a case often hinges on the meticulous application of the laws of evidence. In this article, we delve into the critical role that the laws of evidence play in shaping the fate of legal disputes within the South African legal framework.

The foundation of justice 

At the heart of the South African legal system is the principle that justice must not only be done but must also be seen to be done. The laws of evidence serve as the foundation of this principle, acting as the rules that govern what information is admissible in court and how it should be presented. These laws are designed to ensure a fair and transparent process, allowing both parties to present their cases and enabling the judiciary to make informed and just decisions.

Admissibility and relevance 

In South African litigation, the admissibility of evidence is a key determinant in the outcome of a case. The court carefully considers whether the evidence presented is relevant to the issues at hand. Irrelevant evidence may be excluded as it can unduly influence the court and divert attention from the core matters in dispute. The laws of evidence thus serve as a gatekeeper, ensuring that only pertinent information is considered during legal proceedings.

Types of evidence 

South African law recognises various types of evidence, each with its own set of rules and requirements. Testimonial evidence, documentary evidence, and physical evidence are among the most common forms presented in court. Witness credibility, document authenticity, and the chain of custody for physical evidence are all scrutinised in accordance with the laws of evidence. The admissibility of expert testimony, particularly in complex matters, is also regulated to maintain the integrity of the legal process.

Burden of proof 

The laws of evidence intersect with the concept of the burden of proof, determining which party is responsible for presenting evidence to support their claims. In civil cases, the plaintiff typically carries the burden of proving their case on a balance of probabilities. In criminal cases, the prosecution must prove the guilt of the accused beyond a reasonable doubt. The rules of evidence guide how these burdens are discharged, ensuring a fair and just determination of guilt or liability.

Exclusionary rules 

Certain evidence, even if relevant, may be excluded based on public policy considerations. South African law includes exclusionary rules that prevent the admission of evidence obtained unlawfully or in violation of constitutional rights. This reflects a commitment to protecting individual liberties and maintaining the integrity of the legal system.

Conclusion 

In the intricate dance of South African litigation, the laws of evidence take center stage, influencing the trajectory and outcome of legal disputes. Admissibility, relevance, and the burden of proof are all carefully navigated, ensuring a fair and just resolution. As the legal landscape evolves, the principles embedded in the laws of evidence remain steadfast, safeguarding the pursuit of justice in the diverse and dynamic context of South African law.

Contact an Attorney at SchoemanLaw for assistance and all your legal needs.

See also:

• Litigation: How laws of evidence can decide the outcome of a case
• Navigating ex parte applications in South African legal proceedings
• Civil law disputes – Get yourself a great attorney!
• Practical steps for the handling and presentation of evidence

(This article is provided for informational purposes only and not for the purpose of providing legal advice. For more information on the topic, please contact the author/s or the relevant provider.)